sent bands of Glasgow, and reduce violent crime in the streets. So how Karyn McCluskey these amazing results in a city once known as the capital of Western Europe murdered?
Only a week earlier, was convinced she would be fine. "It was our summer vacation," said Joyce Young. "I looked there, playing in the sand on the beach with my niece and I thought it would be very much out of it is that is going to do ..."
to 13 or 14 years, James was "a beautiful child. Just a gem. I could not wish for a nice boy." The family lived in Blackhill, Glasgow area notoriously private, but "has never been a problem almost never a word."
Then he went to high school, and met a group of older boys, and everything changed. He became uncontrollable, stayed away for days at a time, returning drunk or injured, or both
Joyce, a midwife, and her husband, a truck driver, he faced it. Statistically, James was not a particularly high risk, had two parents, both were at work, never drank or did drugs. "I cleaned him speak, and for a few days James would be back," said Joyce.
Together they have achieved through a college of basic skills for children who failed in school. At age 18, had landed an apprenticeship. "The gears of his brain," says Joyce, "began to change." The family vacation was great. That was in August 2007.
12.30 after August 20, the sister of Joyce on the other side of the road ran in fear. James has said. This was stabbed. Joyce ran a few blocks of where his son was. She knew that as soon as he saw it was bad. The way his eyes seemed
to the hospital after surgery, who had spent five hours with him. For an argument over a stolen lawnmower, James had been stabbed five times: in the shoulder blade, ribs, and finally in the back. "It happened," says Joyce. "He did great in their door. But he stayed. So it was that made by him. A kitchen knife into the aorta."
This year, James was one of 63 young people died violent deaths in Glasgow, victims of a gang culture that prevailed on the housing systems of the city dark and ruined since the beginning of 1930 and earlier. There are petty theft and vandalism and drug trafficking, but it is essentially the struggle, organized crime is not. The gangs are fighting for their patches on farms, the defense of territories that may include three streets, has opted for the graffiti.
Friday and Saturday night, who brought their violence in the city center, battles that are executed on the main streets such as Sauchiehall Street with knives, screwdrivers, including swords and machetes . Undeterred, the buyers of the afternoon walk. The police video of that, the children fight and die: violence is quick, informal, absolutely beautiful
Suddenly, however, younger than him. Glasgow is no longer the capital of Western Europe murdered. Violent crime among some members of the band was halved, and many others that is 25%. The lever for this change was a program conducted by a loose woman, but passionate call Karyn McCluskey.
McCluskey, 45, is a former nurse and qualified forensic psychologist. Born in a council house in Falkirk, his father was a train driver until he decided to go to college. She has a sister Lear jets flying in America, and another is a top-flight university in Northern Ireland. McCluskey, people tell you here, it is not impossible.
the time young Joyce met her in 2008, McCluskey was with Strathclyde Police for six years. She had arrived at the head of intelligence analysis of West Mercia Police, a group responsible for about 3000 square miles of countryside in Shropshire, Herefordshire and Worcestershire who attended an average of two murders a year . When he arrived in Glasgow in 2002, the city has been collecting for over 70 years.
McCluskey awakened to what was happening, he said, when he read an article in the Daily Record, a young man had been stabbed and a woman of 74, who came and took held in his arms as he died: "He bled to death crying for his mother sat me down and wait for public outrage, and there was nothing and I thought :.... is not right "
others thought the same thing. Repression increased foot patrols, stop and search, simply locks did not work. The city authorities, police and public health services is looking for an answer. With a partner just as brilliant and driven, a veteran with 30 years of experience in homicide, drugs and organized crime called John Carnochan, McCluskey set up a unit of the reduction of violence in the Strathclyde Police ( URV).
His early research revealed some amazing facts: there are 170 gangs in the city, with no less than 3500 members aged between 11 and 23. Comparing police reports with the accounts of trauma surgeons and A & E show no less than two thirds of knife crimes not reported to police. Every six hours in the city, someone who has suffered a serious injury of the face.
"I could show pictures of kids of 14, you could put your hand through the bar on her cheek," said McCluskey. "A smile of Glasgow, it is called. They will not get a job carrying bags at the Hotel Malmaison, right? Probably not a girlfriend. "
great moment of unity, McCluskey said, was the realization that violence works "as an infectious disease. Transmission. You can. You can live and die in a square mile. His life is not predictable or manageable .. You can have alcoholic parents, victims of domestic violence Nobody cares that you are incapable of empathy. cabling to violence "
phrase was coined: the violence of the recess. "There is emotion, sensation seeking," said McCluskey. "You look at their faces on CCTV, they love it. They are young guys who are just not ready to make the right decisions for themselves, trapped in the band dynamic."
So if they see themselves as a group, we treat them as a group, he explained McCluskey. He went to the United States and met a man named David Kennedy, a model in the fight against gang violence in Boston had been working since late 1990. In the jargon, is called a "focused deterrence strategy," the use of a multitude of different agencies, in addition to the resources within the community. McCluskey was ready to take it to Glasgow.
URV initiative to reduce community violence (CIRVA) came into force in October 2008. It has three basic components: a police warning zero tolerance if the violence does not cease, life would be very hard for every single gang member, a commitment to assorted charities, if young people do renounce violence, they can get help in education, training in job search. and a powerful message, people like Joyce Staff
founded with two other surgeons and support McCluskey in 2008, Goodall charity, Doctors against violence sends volunteer medical professional or personal experience of violence in secondary schools in Glasgow, spoke 8000 children in three years. It also allows doctors to make good use of the few "teachable moment" that can occur after someone has been on the receiving end of violence.
call to CIRVA Goodall said, "we show them pictures, very graphic. We explain what we see, and say what happens in A & E. We will explain what it means for them, after plastic surgery, for example, can do a lot -. but you are still left with a brand that will always be perceived as difficult, even if it was not his fault " a former gang member to speak next. James has two years to reduce a man when he was 15 and had dropped to a conviction for manslaughter ("I was struck, I could not begin to let go and fight .. He fell into a bus that has killed ") by the time he was 20 years. There is, James says," nothing like the experience. It is much more than an opinion. "
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